Sonntag, 10. November 2024

10.11.2024 - Linus Pauling and vitamin C and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962 etc.

dali48 and studying & teaching in the 70s, and photographing during a visit near river Neckar in Tübingen etc.

Each day is our whole life - from sunrise to sunset etc… (dali48) 
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Let go of something you like, and realize how fleeting it is by living without it... (Ayya Khema) 
Buddha realized that all living beings suffer because they desire and cling ... - Peace is an inner attitude to life that consists of letting go and renunciation (see e.g. nuns & monks etc. - d.48) ... (Buddha) 
Das Leben im Daseinskreislauf ist leidvoll: Geburt ist Leiden, Altern ist Leiden, Krankheit ist Leiden, Tod ist Leiden; Kummer, Lamentieren, Schmerz und Verzweiflung sind Leiden." (Buddha)
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For his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962.

Linus Carl Pauling war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker. Er erhielt 1954 den Nobelpreis für Chemie für seine Forschungen über die Natur der chemischen Bindung und ihre Anwendung bei der Aufklärung ... Wikipedia

In his later years, he promoted nuclear disarmament, as well as orthomolecular medicinemegavitamin therapy,[11] and dietary supplements, especially ascorbic acid (commonly known as Vitamin C). None of his ideas concerning the medical usefulness of large doses of vitamins have gained much acceptance in the mainstream scientific community.[6][12] He was married to the American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.

His success with sickle cell anemia led Pauling to speculate that a number of other diseases, including mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, might result from flawed genetics.

Pauling had been practically apolitical until World War II. At the beginning of the Manhattan Project, Robert Oppenheimer invited him to be in charge of the Chemistry division of the project. He declined, not wanting to uproot his family.[81

On January 21, 1946, the group met to discuss academic freedom, during which Pauling said, "There is, of course, always a threat to academic freedom – as there is to the other aspects of the freedom and rights of the individual, in the continued attacks which are made on this freedom, these rights, by the selfish, the overly ambitious, the misguided, the unscrupulous, who seek to oppress the great body of mankind in order that they themselves may profit – and we must always be on the alert against this threat, and must fight it with vigor when it becomes dangerous."[94]
In 1946, he joined the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, chaired by Albert Einstein.[95] Its mission was to warn the public of the dangers associated with the development of nuclear weapons.

Joining Einstein, Bertrand Russell and eight other leading scientists and intellectuals, he signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto issued July 9, 1955.[100] He also supported the Mainau Declaration of July 15, 1955, signed by 52 Nobel Prize laureates.[101]


On January 15, 1958, Pauling and his wife presented a petition to United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld calling for an end to the testing of nuclear weapons. It was signed by 11,021 scientists representing fifty countries.[103][104]

Public pressure and the frightening results of the CNI research led to a moratorium on above-ground nuclear weapons testing, followed by the Partial Test Ban Treaty, signed in 1963 by John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev. On the day that the treaty went into force, October 10, 1963, the Nobel Prize Committee awarded Pauling the Nobel Peace Prize for 1962. (No prize had previously been awarded for that year.)[111] They described him as "Linus Carl Pauling, who ever since 1946 has campaigned ceaselessly, not only against nuclear weapons tests, not only against the spread of these armaments, not only against their very use, but against all warfare as a means of solving international conflicts."[112] Pauling himself acknowledged his wife Ava's deep involvement in peace work, and regretted that she was not awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with him.[113]

In 1941, at age 40, Pauling was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a renal disease. Following the recommendations of Thomas Addis, who actively recruited Ava Helen Pauling as "nutritionist, cook, and eventually as deputy 'doctor'", Pauling believed he was able to control the disease with Addis's then-unusual low-protein salt-free diet and vitamin supplements.[134] Thus Pauling's initial – and intensely personal – exposure to the idea of treating disease with vitamin supplements was positive.[citation needed

Pauling was raised as a member of the Lutheran Church,[163] but later joined the Unitarian Universalist Church.[164] Two years before his death, in a published dialogue with Buddhist philosopher Daisaku Ikeda, Pauling publicly declared his atheism.[165]

Pauling died of prostate cancer on August 19, 1994, at 19:20 at home in Big Sur, California.[12] He was 93 years old.[167] A grave marker for Pauling was placed in Oswego Pioneer Cemetery in Lake Oswego, Oregon by his sister Pauline, but Pauling's ashes, along with those of his wife, were not buried there until 2005.[168]

Pauling's discoveries led to decisive contributions in a diverse array of areas including around 350 publications in the fields of quantum mechanics, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, protein structure, molecular biology, and medicine.[169][170]



Linus Carl Pauling (/ˈpɔːlɪŋ/; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.
Doctoral advisor: Roscoe Dickinson; ‎Richard T...
Children: 4, including Peter Pauling
Other academic advisors: Arnold Sommerfeld; ...‎

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