Mittwoch, 18. Oktober 2017

20.11.2019 - Posttraumatic adjustment / Adaptation disorders / Retraumatization / Emmy Werner etc...

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06.04.2001 - Interpretation of dali48

This loss of safety - makes the phase of posttraumatic adjustment to a time of increased vulnerability... - Disturbance images are characterized by intrusion, over-excitation or avoidance - and associated with further syndromes, e.g. with extreme anxiety - with depressive episodes - with pronounced addictive behavior - or with somatoform disorders... (W. Butollo / M. Hagl / M. Krüsmann)

Interpretation of dali48

An adjustment disorder is a response to one-time or on-going incriminating incidents... - Adapting disorder with primary disorder of social behavior:
Examples include:
irritability, group clown, outsider, aggressive behavior, defamation, introversion ...
Adaptation disorders with predominant disturbance of feelings:
Examples are:
Indifference, helplessness, aggression, depressive mood...
Mixed adaptation disorder (both disturbance of social behavior and feelings) ...
The DSM-IV introduces various types of adaptation disorders such as anxiety or depressive mood disorders...
Synonyms for the adaptation disorder are hospitalization in children, mourning reaction, cultural shock, homesickness, nostalgia, neurotic depression or reactive depression...
The adaptation problems are reactions to burdens - Such burdens can be the ending of a relationship, marital problems, difficulties in the workplace or bullying... - But also so-called critical life events such as school change, marriage, birth, death of a relative, unemployment, emigration, retirement can be a burden and lead to an adjustment disorder... - This also applies to events such as flight, accidents, robbery or operations - In children and adolescents neglect can be the cause (see hospitalism, deprivation syndrome etc)... - The individual predisposition or vulnerability plays a significant role in the possible occurrence and the form of the adaptation disorder - It is nevertheless to be assumed that the disease pattern without the burden would not have arisen... Adaptation disorders are relatively frequent, estimates speak of 5 to 20% of patients in ambulant psychotherapeutic-psychiatric treatment. There is probably a high dark figure...
Adaptation disorders are treated psychotherapeutically - In individual cases are also supported by antidepressants... (Wikipedia)


Marion Koll-Krüsmann (* 1963) ist eine deutsche Psychologin, Psychotherapeutin und ... zusammen mit Willi Butollo und Maria Hagl, Leben nach dem Trauma. Über den psychotherapeutischen Umgang mit dem Entsetzen (= Leben lernen, ...
Missing: posttraumatic adjustment
Interpretation of dali48

Psychological, mental or mental trauma or psychotrauma (plural trauma, traumatism, greek wound) is a mental injury caused by the strong psychological shock caused by an experience... Potentially traumatizing events can be accidents involving imminent serious injuries... - Such events can cause extreme stress in a person and cause feelings of helplessness or shock, as well as permanently or temporarily shake the self and world image... - This can block the normal processing in the brain and lead to psychological symptoms. The symptom patterns are thereby largely independent of what caused a traumatization in the affected persons... - In the everyday language there was an inflationary use of the term and often the concept of trauma is used in connection with all particularly negative or painful experiences. In the field of medical or psychological literature, however, this term is much narrower and refers exclusively to events that could cause psychological disturbances in almost every human being. In an extended language usage, the traumatizing event itself is also referred to as a trauma...
Potentially traumatizing events:
Birth - Long-lasting manipulation - bullying etc...
Even if traumatized individuals are constantly restless and frightened, a very controlling behavior comes to the surface (as the trauma has been experienced as an extreme loss of control), and emotional numbness (ability to look forward, to loving or grief is restricted)...
Avoidance of thoughts and feelings that could remind the trauma, avoiding the trauma or no longer going out of the house - Avoiding painful memories by dissociation or by partial amnesia... - Although the traumatizing experience must have been strong and has left a lasting impression on the person concerned, it is possible that the person is not aware of this at the time of the experience or later. You can completely forget / displace the experience permanently or be for a long time without experiencing your own serious injury... - Traumatized patients show an increased activity of the noradrenergic stress system compared to healthy people. This leads to symptoms such as insomnia, weakness of concentration, over-excitement or frightfulness. Some studies suggest that the cortisol release could be decreased and the sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptors could be increased... - Mental stress responses triggered by events that do not correspond to the medical definition of the trauma are diagnosed as adaptation disorders. The events are more about the death of a relative or a distressing divorce. The congestion disorder is located in the border between a comprehensible disturbance due to a difficult life event and a tendency to depression and anxiety present in the patient... - Posttraumatic stress disorder is referred to when the symptoms persist over a longer period of time than four weeks, and become chronic. If the symptoms continue for a further period of eight months, the posttraumatic stress disorder can not be expected to remit spontaneously... - A traumatization increases the risk of developing almost all other mental illnesses. These include: dysthymia - somatoform disorders - agoraphobia - generalized anxiety disorder - drug abuse - nicotine abuse - suicidality...
Specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders are often not seen as a secondary mental disorder, but trauma is understood as an indirect risk factor for the development of one of these mental disorders. Traumatic events are also regarded as a decisive factor in borderline personality disorder...
Art therapy can make a decisive contribution to better expressing the inner pictures and to process them better...
A trauma can be triggered by the loss, the sudden abandonment of an important reference person, a loved one. The consequence of this is often the avoidance of proximity within relationships, since one is very anxious to lose that person too. If a loss results in a loss of an important reference person, the first abandonment trauma is usually reactivated and one speaks of a retraumatization...
When in the seventies and eighties they could not be visited by their parents in the hospitals, many children and infants came to such absenteeism with immediate and late consequences: the children partly did not recognize their parents again, were no longer so deep on relationships or were clinging. In the adult age, disproportionate emotional reactions can occur when an important reference person goes away...
Untreated trauma can lead to drastic, very stressful sequelae that may persist for a lifetime or may adversely affect a person's biography - But trauma do not have to do it, as the long-term study by Emmy Werner has shown... (Wikipedia)

Emmy E. Werner (1929-2017) was an American developmental psychologist. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska and was a professor ...

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