Basic virtues are characteristic strengths which the ego can use to resolve ... Mistrust. Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial
Interpretation of dali48
Erik Erikson (1902 – 1994) was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted American sociologist...
Although Erikson lacked even a bachelor's degree, he served as a professor at prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale...
Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his childhood. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several years. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen. There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik. It is also suggested that he was married at the time that Erikson was conceived. Following her son's birth, Karla trained to be a nurse, moved to Karlsruhe and in 1905, married a Jewish pediatrician, Theodor Homburger. In 1908, Erik Salomonsen became Erik Homburger and in 1911 he was officially adopted by his stepfather...
The development of identity seems to have been one of Erikson's greatest concerns in his own life as well as in his theory. During his childhood and early adulthood he was known as Erik Homberger, and his parents kept the details of his birth a secret. He was a tall, blond, blue-eyed boy who was raised in the Jewish religion. At temple school, the kids teased him for being a Nordic; at grammar school, they teased him for being Jewish...
Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. While teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and the experience made him decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development...
Erikson's wife, Joan Serson Erikson, was born in Canada. They married in 1930 and Erikson converted to Christianity during their marriage...
Soon after his graduation from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute in 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany. Now Erikson and his wife emigrated, first to Denmark and then to the United States, where he became the first child psychoanalyst in Boston. Erikson held positions at Massachusetts General Hospital, the Judge Baker Guidance Center, and at Harvard Medical School and Psychological Clinic, establishing a singular reputation as a clinician...
In 1936, Erikson joined the staff at Harvard University, where he worked at the Institute of Human Relations and taught at the Medical School. After spending a year observing children on a Sioux reservation in South Dakota, he moved to the University of California at Berkeley; there he affiliated with the Institute of Child Welfare and opened a private practice as well. While in California, Erikson also studied children of the Yurok Native American tribe...
In 1950, after publishing the book, Childhood and Society, for which he is best known, Erikson left the University of California when professors there were asked to sign loyalty oaths. He spent ten years working and teaching at the Austen Riggs Center, a prominent psychiatric treatment facility in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, where he worked with emotionally troubled young people...
He returned to Harvard in the 1960s as a professor of human development and remained there until his retirement in 1970. In 1973 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected Erikson for the Jefferson Lecture, the United States' highest honor for achievement in the humanities. Erikson's lecture was titled "Dimensions of a New Identity"...
Erikson's greatest innovation was to postulate not five stages of development, as Sigmund Freud had done with his psychosexual stages, but eight. He then later added a ninth stage in his book "The Life Cycle Completed". Erik Erikson believed that every human being goes through a certain number of stages to reach his or her full development, theorizing eight stages that a human being goes through from birth to death. Erikson elaborated Freud's genital stage into adolescence, and added three stages of adulthood. His widow Joan Serson Erikson elaborated on his model before her death, adding a ninth stage (old age), taking into consideration the increasing life expectancy in Western cultures. Erikson is also credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child lived was crucial to providing growth, adjustment, a source of self-awareness and identity. Erikson won a Pulitzer Prize and a U.S. National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion for Gandhi's Truth (1969), which focused more on his theory as applied to later phases in the life cycle...
Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has been described as an "ego psychologist" studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict for which successful resolution will result in a favourable outcome, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around...
Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes known as "virtues", a term used in the context of Erikson's work as it is applied to medicine, meaning "potencies." Erikson's research suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life-stage challenge in tension with one another, not rejecting one end of the tension or the other. Only when both extremes in a life-stage challenge are understood and accepted as both required and useful, can the optimal virtue for that stage surface. Thus, 'trust' and 'mis-trust' must both be understood and accepted, in order for realistic 'hope' to emerge as a viable solution at the first stage. Similarly, 'integrity' and 'despair' must both be understood and embraced, in order for actionable 'wisdom' to emerge as a viable solution at the last stage...
The Erikson life-stage virtues, in order of the eight stages in which they may be acquired, are:
Basic trust vs. basic mistrust - This stage covers the period of infancy. 0-1 year of age...
Autonomy vs. Shame - Covers early childhood...
Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3–6 years...
Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11...
Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till 20...
Intimacy vs. isolation - This is the first stage of adult development. This development usually happens during young adulthood, which is between the ages of 20 to 24...
Generativity vs. stagnation is the second stage of adulthood and happens between the ages of 25-64...
Ego integrity vs. despair. This stage affects the age group of 65 and on...
On ego identity versus role confusion, ego identity enables each person to have a sense of individuality, or as Erikson would say, "Ego identity, then, in its subjective aspect, is the awareness of the fact that there is a self-sameness and continuity to the ego's synthesizing methods and a continuity of one's meaning for others" (1963). Role confusion, however, is, according to Barbara Engler in her book Personality Theories (2006), "the inability to conceive of oneself as a productive member of one's own society". This inability to conceive of oneself as a productive member is a great danger; it can occur during adolescence, when looking for an occupation... (Wikipedia)
Erikson Institute - graduate school in child development in Chicago, Illinois
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Don't see swallows here in Wickrath (2018) as before at Lake Unterbach where they were deeply flying before the rain, and were nearly touching my head till 2010... (dali48)
see E. Kuebler-Ross and R. Moody and Near Death Experiences - and my own experiences in the 80s and 12/2011 etc... (dali48)
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Concerning overfishing & polluting & damaging the oceans with garbage patches & ‘dead zones’ etc. - instead of e.g. www.rhinecleanup.org, see Golding & "Man produces evil - as Bees produce honey" etc... (dali48)
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see Ban of Basic Rights & Net Neutrality & Privacy - instead of democratic control of #Polizeigesetz and introducing a UBI etc... (dali48)
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see dali48 and warning of neo-fascism since 1989, of Climate Change, and for Ecology & Biodiversity since ca. 2000, and for UBI since 2008... Why is there no Basic Income in Europe etc. - instead of Hartz IV and "Banking Crisis" 2008 and neo-fascism etc.? (dali48)
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see Con Gen ShanghaiAir - Shanghai - 2020-02-09 11PM - PM2.5 - 136 AQI - Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups ... (dali48)
01-15-2019 18:00; PM2.5; 37.0; 105; Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (at 24-hour exposure at this level)
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Concerning chick shredding, see St Francis and animals - see IB Singer and Treblinka - see Albert Schweitzer Foundation for our world around etc... (dali48)
see bumble bees and bees again on lavender during my daily walk in the park since June 2018 etc... (dali48)
Marc Rufer etc...
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see dali48 and why don't these millionaires unite - and pay a smallest UBI to many of the poorest of people?
henk tennekes
Das grosse Neonics Desaster. Seit 1995 sind bis zu 80 Prozent der Biomasse aller Fluginsekten in NRW verschwunden farmlandbirds.net/de/content/inn…
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etc... (dali48)
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Apr 14
On the train to the EU Parliament, the Italian Senate, the Vatican and House of Parliament during the Easter holiday. And on Friday I’ll participate in the school strike in Rome. I know it’s a holiday but since the climate crisis doesn’t go on vacation nor will we. #Climatestrike
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siehe 19.07.2019 - Torben Schiffer und Bienenforschung und zurück zur Natur, see https://beenature-project.com/de etc... (dali48)
Concerning deforestation & polluting rivers & burning forests etc. - instead of a monthly UBI - uncontrolled Capitalism produces evil as bees produce honey... (dali48)
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